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W. M. THOMAS.

ELECTRO MAGNETIC MOTOR.

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ELECTRO MAGNETIG MOTOR. No. 279,045. Patented June 5,1883.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. W. M. THOMAS.

ELECTRO MAGNETIC MOTOR. No. 279,045. Patented June 5,1883.

K ot' a motor illustrating my invention.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VILLIAM M. THOMAS, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO GEORGEH. KNIGHT, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC Moron.

SPEGIFGATION lforming part of Letters Patent No. 279,045, dated` June 5,1883.

' Application med January si, 1881. A(Nn model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, XVTLLIAM M. Tnonxs, of Cincinnati, I-Iamiltoncounty, Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvements inElectro-Magnetic Motors, oi' which the following is a specification.

My improvements relate to an arrangement of parts that is designed tosecure a practil cally uniform, continuous, and high-dynamic effect froma given expenditure of'electrical energy. lVith this object in view, Iemploy, in association with a stationary eldmagnet,7 a magnetizedarmature of annular form which rotates in the plane of its own curvatureabout an axis coincident with the bisecting line of said magnet, saidplane being perpendicular to that of said magnet and intersecting itspoles. The magnetism of both these members is originated byv envelopingelectric helices, so arranged and operated as to produce in thefield-magnet a constant terminal polarity, and to produce ondiametrically'-oppositesides of the armature a polarity which isreversed at each semi-rotation of said armature. Each ofthe twopolepieces of my iield-magnet is oi' duplex or branched form, one branchbeing located outside and the otherinside the armature-ri1n. One effectof this arrangement is that as the poles of the armature during itsrevolution approach or recede from the respective fields, the innerbranches of the iieldmagnet, by reason ot' their closer proximity to thearmature-poles as said poles approach positions midway between the tields, will sooner exert and later abandon their inductive iuiluence on thearmature, and will thus prolong the magnetic energy ol" the iiel daround a great part ofthe armature-circuit.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a transverse section on theline a' :c of Fig. 2 Fig. 2 is a partly-sectional side elevation ofthesame. Fig. 3 is a front elevation, and Fig. 4 is a top view, thearmature and terminal portions oi' the field-magnet being in section. InFigs. 3 and 4 the enveloping wires are shown diagramniatically, for themore ready tracing ot' the path 'of the currents. Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,and 10 show modifications ot' my invention.

, My fieldnnagnet has a soft-iron core, A, bent preferably into the formoi' the letter U, and

supported with its two limbs in the same horizontal plane by means ofposts B,.whose lower extremities are attached to a suitable base, C.Each extremity of my field-magnet core A takes the form of branchedpole-pieces D D, having between them an interval just sufficient toreceive without touching the rim of the armature, to be presentlydescribed. Vith the 6o exception of the said branched extremities, bothlimbs of the said core are enveloped in customary helices of insulatedlwire for conveyance ofthe electric current.

Journaled inbearings E, attached to the same 6 5 base, so as to becoincident with the bisecting line ofthe said held-magnet, is the axisor shalt F otl my annular armature, Ot' the following preferredconstruction: G G are two semi-am nular bars of soft iron, of oblongtransverse sec- 7o tion, attached to axis Fby means of a brace, H.

In. n and s s are the poles or extremities et' the said bars,whichextremities become alternately the north and south poles at eachsemirotation of the armatures, by means and in manner described inthesequel. Such change is arranged to effect both adjacent polessinniltaneously and similarly, so that both ofthe i u poles heremarked an change to south poles at the instant that the poles here marked 's s8o change to north poles.

The two bars constituting the core of my annular armature are shownseparated at their poles by an insulating-septum, g; but such septumVmay be omitted and the two bars abut di- S5 rectly against one anothervend to end, (see Fig. 8,) or the armature-core may consist o1 a singlering, either broken transversely, as in Fig. 9, or entire, as in Fig;10. The wire being wrapped in the manner indicated diagram- 9o maticallyin. Fig.`3, so that the current iiows from north on one side and towardnorth on the otl'ier side ot' the annulus, the spiraljty vis madecontrary on the two bars, so as to bring the poles of same nametogether. The periodicalA reversal of the armature-current alreadyspoken ot'is eiiected by any suitable commutator or rheotrope. I employfor this purpose a pair ot' semi-cylindrical plates or segments, 'l'.I', secured concentrically to the axis F by an 10o insulatingbond', J,which bond J also serves to constitute a means ot' electrical insulationi'roni each other ot the segmentsl l. These segments I I are so locatedupon the axis as for their `insulated partings to be coincident with thepartings between the adjacent poles of the armature.

Attached to base C are two series ol'springplates, K K, which are solocated as to press upon the remote sides o't' the connnutator-liubs ll.rate springs K and K with the respective ends ot' wires that convey theentering and depart ing currents. helix is connected by its separateextremities with the respective segments I l. lhe-wirc l?, entering themachine troni the geneaator, is secured'bybi nding-screw L. Fromthis'bindiug-screw it passes to one -pole ot' the tieldmagnet, and iswound successively around its lower limbs, til l, reaching theother-pole ofthe said Held-magnet, it is coiulucted to the-binding-screw L of the commutator. The electrical current ascending thesprings l( ot commutator enters whichever segment 'lf or I. l1ap- ,penst'or the timebeing to be in contact, and, l

.passing thence to the corresponding extremity ot' the armature-wire,tlws along the same in. the manner shown diagrammatieally in Fig. 3,whence, reaching the other extremity oit' the said armature-wire, itenters the other commutator-segment, and,descending the springs K,passes through binding-screw L to `wire I?, 4by which it re-enters thebattery or the other source ot electrical current. provided with asheave, N, or other customary transmitter oi' motion.

The necessity of reversal ot' the current ot' -ture has reached aposition in which its poles are on a line at right angles to those olthe ljoining line ot' the held-poles the inductiveiln Iluenee ot' thelatter on the l'ormer `is less de eisively polar. Yln other words, thereisla Yrelaxation ot' magnetic tension at the armaturepoles, whichtension l'or thel moment travels, so to speak, up the curve ol thearmature to meet the poles ol" the fichi-magnet, so as to 'bring theeffective magnetic forces in close proximity, and to maintain a constantand. ap-

proximately unit'orm rotative iutluenee on the armz'rture. lheeffectiveness o'l' my motor is believed to be l'urther in partattributable to the t'aet that a short `rectilinear distance VVl'rom.pole to pole ot' the field-magnet, and within the eftective magneticfield, is associated with a length ot' fichi-magnet measured around itsBiiuling-screws L L connect by sepa-` The wire tha-t constitutes 'the belwound as in Fig. 5.

The shaft F is curve that secures high magnetic intensity. while the.annular armature intersecting said short joining line ot' thefield-poles permits great comparative length ot`a.r1nature-bar over thestraight i'orms and relatively greater length and proximity o'twrapping-wire with. a corresponding increase ot' armature-magnetism.

net to the arnlature-poles at these points. The magnetic action is thusprolonged around a greater portion ofthe armature-circu it.

V The above-described illustration. ot' my invention is obviouslysusceptible oli' various modifications. For example, the armature` wireinstead-ol," being wound as in Fig. 3 may Two t or more) arma tures andas many comnmtators may be com.-

biued on one shail't, the intersecting planes ot' their poles being atright angles, as shown in Fig. (i, where two armatures are employed, atangles ot' sixty degrees where three are emJ ployed, and so t'orth. .lwoor more such. pairs maybe combined with as many iixed ma gncts, asindicated in Fig. T. The adjacent armature-poles may or may not bemagnetically insulatedt'rom. one another, asalready stated. Thestationary and movable magnets may be provided with wholly distinctwires in eonnection with di't'terent batteries or generators, and whenthis is the case the res eetive eurrents may be ol' sueh kinds andamounts as to imliart high electrical tension to the iixed magnet andelectricity ot' quantity and tension to the armature. lhe liebt-magnetcore may, instead ot' (-:onsisting oli a single bent bar, be "formed ot'a pair oli' straight bars :onineeted by a yoke in. the manner-lamiliarto constructors.

l am aware `that both elect ifo-dynamic ma- `chines (motors) and dynann-eleetric machines (generators) "have employed annular cores,` eitherl'or tield or armature, or both, in which the wire helices have beenseparated by numerous polar projections (polepieces) .in elose proximityto the opposing element, as in the kiO TOO

devices ol' 'lacinatti and others, but l. am not aware otthe previousexistene'e ot' such an electro-dynamic machine in. which. the polepiec ihave been restricted to two in number, whiehl regard as ol' vitalnceessity where tfhe object sought .is mechanical. motion ol one o l'ythe elements by the electro-magnetisln o'tA the coils. Neither am laware ot' the Info-existence in such machines ot a branched or duplexpole-pieee capable ot' operz'lting alteruately on the inner and outerperipheries oll the armature, as in my present invention.

The expressions U and LJ-t'ormed77 in this specification are intended todesignate a magnet whose poles are brought; nea r together andarevi'n'esented in the same direction.

I claim herein as new and of my invention- 1. An electro-magnetic motorhaving the following elements: first, a fixed electro-magnet(cldfmagnet) With branched polar pieces which embrace the annulararmature-rim 5 second, an electro-magnetized annulus (armature) with twodiametricallyopposite poles capable of rotation about its geometricalaxis, said axis being coincident with the line of bisection of the iixedmagnet, and said rim being coincident with the poles of said magnet;third, a commutator Whose plane of reversal is coin- ,cident with thepoles of said annulus, the

Whole being constructed, combined, and adapted to operate substantiallyas set forth.

2. In an electro-magnetic motor7 the combination, Wlth abi-polar annulararmature rev,set my hand.

WILLIAM M.' THOMAS.

Attest:

GEO. H. KNIGHT, SAME. S. CARPENTER.

